c1894-1920. 9x12 or 13x18cm plates, folding camera. Usually leather-covered, but sometimes with polished wooden body. Early models had a central pull-out rails, later models came with focusing knobs on the sides. Some cameras were equipped with optional magazines for plates, and some models had an option for roll-film backs. This is not a focal-plane shutter model. In catalogs these cameras were named as Series X and Serie VII, among other names.

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